You can technically make a duck call from any wood you want to, but some are going to sound better than others. Some will also hold up better than others.
You should pretty much rule out softwoods like pine, fir and cedar in my opinion. They lack the density and durability to last through years in the field and they're not dense enough. I'm sure someone will fervently disagree, as we see a lot of calls turned from cedar. Those woods are the cheapest and are great for practicing turning or making prototype shapes.
In the middle of the road are hardwoods like ash, oak and walnut. They'll work as calls, but may lack that "ring" that you want at the high end. Definitely do-able though. When you look at a big name callmaker's line-up, you won't see oak, ash, maple or walnut...Probably for good reason in my opinion. Many of us little guys use them though, and have great success with each.
I'd recommend sticking to super-hard hardwoods that are nice and heavy. Osage orange (hedge apple), cocobolo or any other rosewood, bocote, bubinga, padauk, african blackwood and laminates like diamondwood and spectraply will give you the best sound available from a wood call.