Hi Stoner. Welcome to the Forum.
A barrel trimmer is used to square the blanks to the tubes like JustAnnie said. The basic trimmer comes with a 7mm shaft. Pen kits use tubes from 7mm up to 9/16". This would mean the basic trimmer won't square the ends due to the sloppy fit. So you buy a 10mm trimming sleeve to slide over the 7mm shaft then slide the blank with the 10mm tube over the sleeve to trim your ends squarely. Trimming sleeves are an extra.
The bushing kit you mentioned will have a 7mm hole to fit your mandrel. One end will be 10mm to fit inside your blank. The outside diameter will match the diameter of the trim piece. That is how the difference is made up. Some kits have 3 bushings & have to be used in order. Then the pieces need to be kept in the correct order so your trim pieces match the final turning/sanding diameter.
I've found it best to buy the bushing kit for the pen kit you are turning. I keep them in the bags they came in so they don't get all mixed up. Guessing will slow you down & more importantly give you erratic results which lead to frustrations.
I HTH you some & feel free to ask anything. I will help where I can. ;D
Thanks for the kind words folks. Like I've said before,, your work inspires me to turn out as nice a pen as I possibly can. Then I try to improve on that. Thanks for keeping me on my toes. ;D
Edited to add the following links.
I use this mandrel & find it to be exactly what I need for what I'm doing.
http://www.pennstateind.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Search=PKM-FLC&Store_Code=PSI&Screen=PROD&Product_Code=PKM-FLCI've been using the basic trimmer kit. I am going to upgrade to this kit soon tho. If the money isn't tight I would recommend starting with this one. If it is then I recommend the basic trimmer & squaring the ends on a disc sander or good square table saw if available.
http://www.pennstateind.com/store/PKTRIMKIT.html